Vaccinations

Vaccination involves administering a specific vaccine into the body to stimulate the immune system to produce protective antibodies and cellular immunity against a particular infection. This process includes applying weakened pathogens or only certain parts of them, which leads to an immune response. Vaccination can be likened to a controlled training of the immune system, presenting a safe but identifiable antigen that does not cause illness but prepares the body for any future encounter with the pathogen.

Vaccination has a dual purpose:

Individual protection: Vaccination protects individuals from disease.
Collective protection: Regular and widespread vaccination prevents the spread of infection within the population by reducing the transmission and proliferation of the pathogen.

When should vaccination be avoided?

The suitability of vaccination is determined individually by a physician. There are temporary and permanent contraindications to vaccination. Temporary contraindications may only lead to a postponement, while permanent ones may result in complete avoidance.

Reasons for temporarily postponing vaccination may include:

Acute illness with fever (mild cold is usually not a barrier)
Recovery after a previous illness

Permanent obstacles to vaccination may include severe reactions after previous vaccinations or serious chronic conditions, such as neurological issues or congenital immune disorders.

What are the reactions to vaccination?

After vaccination, various reactions may occur that are considered physiological and expected. The most common are mild local reactions, such as redness or pain at the injection site. Occasionally, general reactions such as an elevated temperature or headache may occur.

Anaphylactic reactions are very rare, but they are the most serious reaction to vaccination. They present with skin symptoms, chest pressure, breathing difficulties, palpitations, nausea, and vomiting. Most of these reactions occur within 15 minutes after vaccination, so it is important to monitor the vaccinated person after the vaccine is administered.

Maintaining long-term protection against diseases:

For many vaccinations, a single dose is not sufficient. After completing the primary vaccination schedule, it is also necessary to undergo revaccination. The antibodies generated by vaccination are not permanently active—their levels gradually decrease. When they fall below a critical level required for effective protection against disease, an additional dose of the vaccine must be administered, meaning revaccination is necessary.

Missing revaccination poses a risk for all vaccines known to have a temporal decrease in antibody levels that significantly reduces protection against infection.

Tetanus, whooping cough, diphteria (combination vaccine)
Tetanus
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Tick encephalitis
Typhus
Meningococcus A, C, W-135, Y
Meningococcus B
Pneumococcus
Varicella
Influenza
Papillomavirus
Haemofilus
RSV
Shingles

We would like to inform our patients that the information provided here is for informational purposes only. The choice of vaccine or vaccination schedule always belongs to the physician after a personal consultation. We also recommend that you always verify the current conditions for contributions through your insurance company.

Tetanus, Whooping Cough, Diphtheria

Boostrix / Adacel

Tetanus

Tetanus is an acute disease characterized by paralysis of skeletal muscles due to the action of the tetanus toxin. The occurrence of tetanus is worldwide and is a common cause of death in developing countries. The causative agent, Clostridium tetanii, is commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals, particularly cattle and horses. The tetanus pathogen enters the soil from the feces of these mammals and can survive there as a spore (a highly resistant stage) for several decades.

Tetanus manifests as spasms, convulsions, and stiffness of muscles. The spasms initially affect the facial muscles, later spreading to the back, neck, and abdominal muscles, and may eventually extend to the respiratory tract. These spasms are very painful for the patient, who remains fully conscious. The patient is at risk of heart failure or asphyxiation.

Transmission occurs through contact of damaged skin with spores of the tetanus pathogen. The pathogen can be found in soil, dust, or on contaminated objects, such as nails or thorns. Agricultural injuries are particularly dangerous. The source of infection is the intestinal tract of humans and animals.

Whooping Cough

Whooping cough (medically known as pertussis) is a highly infectious respiratory tract disease that is typically characterized by coughing fits lasting several weeks.

Bordetella pertussis primarily threatens newborns and fully unvaccinated infants. Although regular vaccinations have significantly reduced the risk of fatal pertussis in the past, the incidence of the disease has been increasing globally in recent decades, with the highest rates now seen in adolescents and adults.

Initially, symptoms resemble those of a common cold (sneezing, runny nose, mild fever, and a slight cough). Over two weeks, the cough intensifies, leading to paroxysms of severe coughing, followed by a characteristic “whoop” or wheezing inhale. These coughing fits often end with the expulsion of thick, clear mucus, often followed by vomiting. Coughing fits may first occur at night and later become more frequent during the day, repeating for one to two months.

Whooping cough spreads through droplets, which are liquid particles released into the air when an infected person coughs. It can also be transmitted by someone with a mild form of the disease or an infected person who shows no symptoms at all. Older siblings or parents often bring the disease home, being carriers of the whooping cough bacteria and infecting small children with whom they share a household.

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is a serious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae (and, in some cases, by Corynebacterium ulcerans), which settles in the mucous membranes of the throat and upper respiratory tract and can produce a toxin that affects other organs.

During the first few days of the disease, most individuals with diphtheria will experience respiratory infections, sore throat, and mild fever. Mild cases of the disease may not have additional symptoms.

In more severe cases, pseudomembranes develop. These membranes can be localized, affecting only the tonsils or throat, or they may cover a wide area of the patient’s respiratory tract.

These membranes can obstruct the upper airways and cause asphyxiation within hours. The toxin can also attack the heart, leading to heart failure.

Transmission occurs through droplet infection, such as coughing or sneezing. Sometimes, transmission can occur through contaminated objects. If the disease affects the skin, it can spread through contact with wounds or lesions of an infected person.

Vaccination Schedule

Vaccination is given as a single dose on the selected day. This is a booster dose following the primary vaccination completed in childhood.

Vaccination for pregnant women is recommended between the 28th and 36th weeks of pregnancy.

It is advised to vaccinate women during each pregnancy. After birth, the baby is protected by maternal antibodies against severe disease during the most critical period of two months when they cannot yet be vaccinated.

Revaccination

Revaccination is recommended every 10 to 15 years.

Who Should Be Vaccinated?
All adults preparing for revaccination against tetanus, to strengthen immunity against diphtheria and pertussis, women and men planning to start a family, caregivers, or those looking after infants. It is also recommended for smokers, asthmatics, or patients with chronic lung diseases.

Health Insurance Contributions

Všeobecná zdravotní pojišťovna (111) - up to 500 CZK

Vojenská zdravotní pojišťovna (201) - up to 700 CZK (limit of the contribution that can be used in a year)

Česká průmyslová zdravotní pojišťovna (205) - up to 1,000 CZK (limit of the contribution that can be used in a year)

Oborová Zdravotní pojišťovna (207) - up to 1,000 CZK (limit of the contribution that can be used in a year)

Zdravotní pojišťovna ministerstva vnitra ČR (211) - up to 2,000 CZK (limit of the contribution that can be used in a year)

Tetanus

Tetavax / Vacteta

Vaccination Schedule

Individuals who have not been vaccinated are given three doses at the following intervals: the first dose is administered on the selected day, the second dose is administered after 6 weeks, and the third dose is administered 6 months after the second dose.

Revaccination

Revaccination is typically performed every 10–15 years with a single dose. For individuals over 60 years of age, revaccination is recommended every 10 years.

Who Should Be Vaccinated?

Patients who have not received revaccination against tetanus in the last 10 or 15 years. Additionally, patients who have experienced injuries, wounds, or non-healing wounds where there is a risk of tetanus infection.

Regular vaccinations, including revaccination and special vaccinations for tetanus prevention, are fully covered by health insurance.

Tetanus

Hepatitis A

Avaxim / Vaqta

Viral hepatitis type A is referred to as the “dirty hands disease,” caused by the “hepatitis A virus,” which primarily enters the body orally (transmission occurs via the fecal-oral route). Therefore, thorough personal hygiene is an important preventive measure.

Symptoms include nausea, fever, and pain; after a few days, jaundice of the skin and the whites of the eyes may occur.

The disease can vary in severity and symptoms. Although hepatitis A does not progress to a chronic stage and most individuals fully recover, the duration of treatment can last for several months, so vaccination is the best way to protect oneself.

Vaccination Schedule
Vaccination consists of two doses spaced as follows: the first dose is administered on the chosen day, and the second dose is given 6 to 12 months later.

Revaccination

No revaccination has been established.

Who Should Be Vaccinated?

Vaccination is recommended for individuals working in food establishments, including cleaning staff; individuals working in waste management (wastewater treatment plants, septic tank cleaning, sewage); individuals working in shelters; as well as individuals with liver or kidney disease, sexually promiscuous individuals, drug users, and travelers (especially to Central and South America, Africa, the Middle East, and the southern and southeastern Pacific).

Health Insurance Contribution

Všeobecná zdravotní pojišťovna (111) - up to 500 CZK

Vojenská zdravotní pojišťovna (201) - up to 700 CZK (limit of the contribution that can be used in a year)

Česká průmyslová zdravotní pojišťovna (205) - up to 1,000 CZK (limit of the contribution that can be used in a year)

Oborová Zdravotní pojišťovna (207) - up to 1,000 CZK (limit of the contribution that can be used in a year)

Zdravotní pojišťovna ministerstva vnitra ČR (211) - up to 2,000 CZK (limit of the contribution that can be used in a year)

Vaccination against hepatitis A is covered by the state only for employees of the basic components of the integrated rescue system specified by the law on the integrated rescue system who are newly employed in a working or service relationship.

Hepatitida A

Hepatitis B

Engerix B

Hepatitis B is caused by the “hepatitis B virus.” The disease can last only a few weeks but can worsen and progress to a lifelong chronic liver disease (in 5-10% of cases).

The acute phase of hepatitis B occurs approximately six weeks to six months after infection and does not always lead to the development of a chronic form. Most infected individuals are unaware that they have been infected with the hepatitis B virus until the first symptoms appear, which are similar to those of hepatitis A. However, joint pain, rash, and sometimes kidney inflammation are more commonly observed. The overall course is more severe than in hepatitis A.

Hepatitis B is transmitted through contact with contaminated bodily fluids, such as blood, or during sexual intercourse. In the EU, sexual transmission is the most common mode of transmission of the virus. The virus can also be transmitted by sharing items contaminated with infected bodily fluids. Sources of exposure to infected blood may include objects that break the skin or mucous membranes, such as razors or toothbrushes.

The younger an individual is at the time of infection, the more likely they are to develop chronic hepatitis B. Individuals with chronic infection are at a higher risk of developing complications, including cirrhosis (scarring of the liver) and liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma).

Vaccination Schedule

Vaccination consists of three doses spaced as follows: the first dose is administered on the chosen day, the second dose one month later, and the third dose six months after the first dose.

Revaccination

Revaccination is considered only for individuals with reduced immunity.

Who Should Be Vaccinated?

All newborns, unvaccinated children and adolescents up to 19 years of age, healthcare personnel in hospitals, individuals with serious kidney disease or chronic liver disease, travelers, and individuals living in the same household with someone who has viral hepatitis B.

Health Insurance Contribution

Všeobecná zdravotní pojišťovna (111) - up to 500 CZK

Vojenská zdravotní pojišťovna (201) - up to 700 CZK (limit of the contribution that can be used in a year)

Česká průmyslová zdravotní pojišťovna (205) - up to 1,000 CZK (limit of the contribution that can be used in a year)

Oborová Zdravotní pojišťovna (207) - up to 1,000 CZK (limit of the contribution that can be used in a year)

Zdravotní pojišťovna ministerstva vnitra ČR (211) - up to 2,000 CZK (limit of the contribution that can be used in a year)

Hepatitida B

Tick Encephalitis

FSME-Imunn

Tick-borne encephalitis is a viral disease of the central nervous system. Infection most commonly occurs after the bite of an infected tick.

The tick-borne encephalitis virus enters the cells near the bite site and quickly spreads throughout the body. The most serious consequences occur when the virus attacks the central nervous system.

The disease typically has a two-phase course.

Upon entry into the human body, the incubation period begins, which usually lasts 7 to 14 days.

After the incubation period, the first phase of the disease occurs. At this time, symptoms may resemble those of the flu. Symptoms include headaches, fatigue, fever, nausea, and muscle and joint pain. After a few days, these symptoms resolve on their own, followed by a period of one to two weeks without symptoms. However, during this period, the virus continues to multiply. Some infected individuals may experience the disease asymptomatically, meaning without the aforementioned symptoms.

The second phase is usually heralded by high fevers. Symptoms affecting the central nervous system are added, including headaches, light sensitivity, neck stiffness, memory disturbances, disorientation, sleep disorders, dizziness, and muscle tremors. In the most severe cases, nerve paralysis and failure of vital functions may occur at various stages of the disease. Tick-borne encephalitis can be fatal. Severe forms of the disease are particularly observed in weakened individuals and in seniors over 60 years of age.

Tick-borne encephalitis is a viral disease; therefore, antibiotics are ineffective. Treatment focuses on alleviating symptoms, such as using pain and anti-nausea medications, reducing fever, and administering drugs to reduce brain swelling.

Vaccination Schedule

Vaccination is administered in three doses at the following intervals: the first dose is given on a chosen day, the second dose is given 1 to 3 months later, and the third dose is given 5 to 12 months after the second dose.

Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is recommended to start in the winter months when ticks are not active.

Generally, 14 days after the second dose, protective antibody levels are present in more than 90% of vaccinated individuals. After the third dose, efficacy increases to 96-99%. Therefore, it is essential to complete the primary immunization with the administration of the third dose.

Revaccination

The first booster is administered three years after the third dose. Subsequent boosters are given every 3 to 5 years, regardless of whether the previous doses were administered according to the basic or accelerated schedule. For individuals over 59 years old, it is recommended to have a booster after three years.

Who Should Be Vaccinated?

Middle-aged and older individuals (as they usually experience more severe forms of the disease), individuals (children and adults) in areas with a higher expected incidence of ticks, such as deciduous forests, areas near watercourses, etc. (including holidaymakers, mushroom pickers, boaters, and, of course, forest workers).

Ticks are widespread in the Czech Republic, and an infected tick can attach in any region.

Health Insurance Contributions

Všeobecná zdravotní pojišťovna (111) - up to 700 CZK

Vojenská zdravotní pojišťovna (201) - up to 700 CZK (annual limit)

Česká průmyslová zdravotní pojišťovna (205) - up to 1,000 CZK (annual limit)

Oborová Zdravotní pojišťovna (207) - up to 1,000 CZK (annual limit)

Zdravotní pojišťovna ministerstva vnitra ČR (211) - up to 2,000 CZK (annual limit)

As non-mandatory vaccinations covered under specified circumstances by public health insurance, this vaccination is covered for all insured individuals over the age of 50.

Klíšťová encef.

Typhoid Fever

Typhim

Typhoid fever is an acute infectious disease caused by the Salmonella Typhi bacterium, presenting as a febrile illness with headache and muscle pain. Initial symptoms include constipation, followed later by diarrhea with bloody stools.

The primary sources of infection are often carriers or sick individuals. Transmission occurs easily and rapidly, typically through contaminated water, drinks, and food, making standard hygiene measures like using bottled water or avoiding ice cubes sometimes insufficient. Typhoid fever outbreaks still occur in countries with lower hygiene standards, often in warm climates.

Symptoms generally appear 5 to 24 days after exposure, beginning with fever, headache, and loss of appetite. Soon after, symptoms may include painful and bloated abdomen, enlarged liver and spleen. Unlike most other intestinal infections, diarrhea is not typical; constipation is more common. Untreated typhoid fever poses risks of intestinal bleeding or perforation, dehydration, and spreading of the infection to other organs.

Older individuals often experience more severe illness. The mortality rate for untreated cases is 10-20%, with young children under four being ten times more vulnerable than older children.

Vaccination Schedule

One dose is administered on a selected day.

It is generally recommended to vaccinate at least 10-14 days before entering an epidemic area, i.e., before potential exposure.

Revaccination

Revaccination for typhoid fever is conducted only if there is a current need (if not traveling, the three-year revaccination interval is not necessary).

Who should be vaccinated?

Primarily for individuals traveling to regions where the disease is prevalent and healthcare personnel.

Health Insurance Contributions

Všeobecná zdravotní pojišťovna (111) - up to 1,000 CZK

Vojenská zdravotní pojišťovna (201) - up to 700 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Česká průmyslová zdravotní pojišťovna (205) - up to 1,000 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Oborová Zdravotní pojišťovna (207) - up to 1,000 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Zdravotní pojišťovna ministerstva vnitra ČR (211) - up to 2,000 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Tyfus

Meningokog A, C, W-135, Y

Menveo / Nimenrix

The causative agents of meningococcal infections are the globally widespread bacteria Neisseria meningitidis, which are known in at least 13 different serogroups. The five serogroups responsible for the highest incidence worldwide are A, B, C, Y, and W135 (in the Czech Republic, serogroup B is the most common, followed by C in recent years).

Meningococci are transmitted via airborne droplets (respiratory route). Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a cosmopolitan disease, but it regularly occurs epidemically in Africa, less so in Asia and South America.

Meningococcal infections are more commonly seen in children under five years of age, adolescents, and young adults aged 15-25 years. One of the risk factors for meningococcal infection is being in large groups in enclosed spaces, which creates favorable conditions for the bacteria to spread from an asymptomatic carrier. Additionally, smoking parents increase the risk of meningococcal infection in their children, as meningococcal bacteria are more easily captured on the oral and nasal mucosa of children damaged by cigarette smoke.

If meningococcus enters the bloodstream, a febrile illness occurs, characterized by severe fatigue, muscle and joint pain, headache, and drowsiness. A clinical picture of sepsis develops. Sometimes, the meningococcal infection manifests as purulent meningitis (inflammation of the meninges), which may be accompanied by vomiting, possibly impaired consciousness, or seizures.

Vaccination Schedule

The vaccine is administered as a single dose on the selected day.

Revaccination

A booster dose is recommended five years after the initial vaccination. This recommendation is especially important for children and young adults, who have the highest morbidity and mortality rates. Other high-risk groups, such as individuals with weakened immune systems, those with chronic illnesses, smokers, and travelers, should also consider a booster after five years.

Who should be vaccinated?

Vaccination is suitable for children, adolescents, adults, individuals with weakened immune systems, chronic illnesses, smokers, and travelers (the risk of infection can sometimes be greater in transport settings, such as airports and airplanes, than in the destination itself, so vaccination is strongly recommended for long flights).

Health Insurance Contributions

Všeobecná zdravotní pojišťovna (111) – up to 1,000 CZK

Vojenská zdravotní pojišťovna (201) – up to 700 CZK (annual limit)

Česká průmyslová zdravotní pojišťovna (205) – up to 1,000 CZK (annual limit)

Oborová Zdravotní pojišťovna (207) – up to 1,000 CZK (annual limit)

Zdravotní pojišťovna ministerstva vnitra ČR (211) – up to 2,000 CZK (annual limit)

Meningokok ACWY

Meningococcus B

Bexsero / Trumenba

The causative agents of meningococcal infections are Neisseria meningitidis bacteria, which are widespread worldwide and identified in at least 13 different serogroups. Five of these serogroups—A, B, C, Y, and W135—are responsible for the highest incidence globally. In the Czech Republic, serogroup B is most common, with increasing cases of serogroup C in recent years.

Meningococcus is transmitted through airborne droplets. Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is cosmopolitan but frequently epidemic in Africa, with less frequent outbreaks in Asia and South America.

Children under five years old, adolescents, and young adults aged 15-25 are more susceptible to meningococcal infections. A key risk factor is staying in large groups in closed spaces, where conditions favor its spread from an incidental carrier. Additionally, smoking parents increase the risk of meningococcal infection in their children, as the bacteria are more likely to attach to the children’s oral and nasal mucosa damaged by cigarette smoke.

If meningococcus enters the bloodstream, symptoms include fever, muscle and joint pain, headaches, fatigue, and sleepiness, which may develop into sepsis. Sometimes, meningococcal infection appears as purulent meningitis (inflammation of the meninges), possibly accompanied by vomiting, consciousness disturbances, or seizures.

Vaccination Schedule

Bexsero is administered in two doses with a minimum interval of one month; a booster dose has not been established.

Trumenba is given in two doses, six months apart. Immunity can be expected only after the second dose.

Revaccination

Revaccination is considered only for individuals with weakened immunity.

Who should be vaccinated?

Vaccination is recommended for children, adolescents, adults, people with weakened immune systems, those with chronic illnesses, smokers, and travelers. The risk of infection is sometimes higher during transportation, such as at airports or on planes, than at the destination itself, so vaccination against meningococcus is strongly recommended for long-haul flights.

Health Insurance Contributions

Všeobecná zdravotní pojišťovna (111) - up to 2,000 CZK

Vojenská zdravotní pojišťovna (201) - up to 700 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Česká průmyslová zdravotní pojišťovna (205) - up to 1,000 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Oborová Zdravotní pojišťovna (207) - up to 1,000 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Zdravotní pojišťovna ministerstva vnitra ČR (211) - up to 2,000 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Meningokok B

Pneumococcus

Prevenar 13 / Prevenar 20

Pneumococcal infections are caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, a bacterium found in more than 83 serotypes. The course of infection can vary from mild to severe, largely due to the high number of serotypes. The most vulnerable groups include young children, the elderly, smokers, and those with chronic illnesses.

The illness can resemble the flu in its mild form or progress to more severe forms such as pneumonia, meningitis, or upper respiratory tract infections. Typically, symptoms begin suddenly, with high fever, chills, and the production of small amounts of rusty-colored sputum. Pneumococcal infections are often preceded by other infections that weaken the immune system (e.g., viral infections).

Transmission occurs through airborne droplets (e.g., coughing, sneezing) or saliva via direct contact (e.g., kissing). Infection can also happen indirectly through contact with contaminated objects. The source of infection is an infected person.

The vaccine Apexxnar covers 20 serotypes but is not covered by insurance. Prevenar 13 covers 13 serotypes and is covered by public health insurance for those over 65 years old.

Vaccination Schedule

One dose is administered on a selected day.

Revaccination

No revaccination is recommended with Apexxnar. After initial vaccination with Prevenar, it is advised to supplement with the 23-valent Pneumovax vaccine within a year for enhanced protection (unfortunately not covered by public health insurance).

Who should be vaccinated?

Vaccination is recommended for those over 65, individuals with chronic illnesses (e.g., chronic kidney or liver disease, heart disease, diabetes), long-term residents of healthcare or elderly care facilities, and adults who have experienced invasive pneumococcal disease.

Health Insurance Contributions

Všeobecná zdravotní pojišťovna (111) - up to 1,000 CZK for insured individuals aged 50-65

Vojenská zdravotní pojišťovna (201) - up to 700 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Česká průmyslová zdravotní pojišťovna (205) - up to 1,000 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Oborová Zdravotní pojišťovna (207) - up to 1,000 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Zdravotní pojišťovna ministerstva vnitra ČR (211) - up to 2,000 CZK (annual contribution limit)

As an optional vaccination, Prevenar 13 is covered by public health insurance for all insured individuals over 65.

Pneumokok

Chickenpox

Varilrix

Chickenpox is a viral, febrile illness characterized by skin blisters. Highly contagious, most children contract this disease by age 10, with preschool and young school-age children being the most affected.

The illness presents as a characteristic rash accompanied by fever and fatigue. The rash typically starts on the chest, head, and scalp, gradually spreading over the body. The blisters form, break, and then crust over. While generally mild, chickenpox can be more severe in children with immune deficiencies, potentially leading to complications like pneumonia or meningitis.

Chickenpox poses a significant risk to pregnant women in the first trimester or near delivery due to a high chance of fetal infection or miscarriage.

Transmission occurs through airborne droplets from coughing, sneezing, or nasal discharge, often spreading within groups. The source of infection is an infected person.

Vaccination Schedule

Two doses are administered, with a minimum interval of six weeks.

Revaccination

No revaccination is specified.

Who should be vaccinated?

Vaccination is recommended for adults and children over 9 months, healthcare personnel, and those at high risk of severe infection (e.g., individuals with leukemia, chronic kidney failure, or on immunosuppressants), as well as organ transplant recipients.

Health Insurance Contributions

Všeobecná zdravotní pojišťovna (111) - up to 1,000 CZK

Vojenská zdravotní pojišťovna (201) - up to 700 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Česká průmyslová zdravotní pojišťovna (205) - up to 1,000 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Oborová Zdravotní pojišťovna (207) - up to 1,000 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Zdravotní pojišťovna ministerstva vnitra ČR (211) - up to 2,000 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Plané neštovice

Influenza

Vaxigrip TETRA / Influvac / Efluelda

Influenza, or flu, is a highly contagious viral disease affecting people of all ages. The most at-risk groups are young children, chronically ill individuals, and the elderly. While flu can be mild, it may also lead to severe complications, sometimes resulting in death. The flu virus is widespread, affecting 10–15% of the population annually. The most effective prevention is annual flu vaccination.

The illness often strikes suddenly, with common symptoms including fever, headache, body aches, fatigue, and dry cough. Severe cases may involve bronchitis, pneumonia, brain inflammation, or meningitis, especially in young children, the chronically ill, and the elderly.

Flu spreads via droplets from coughing, sneezing, or nasal discharge and can also spread indirectly through contaminated surfaces. The source of infection is an infected person. Vaccination is also recommended for healthcare professionals frequently in contact with patients, as they may inadvertently transmit the virus.

Vaccination Schedule

A single dose is administered on the chosen day.

Revaccination

Annual revaccination is recommended due to yearly variations in flu strains and vaccine updates.

Who should be vaccinated?

Vaccination is recommended for the general population, especially those at high risk of severe flu—seniors, chronically ill individuals, their family members, healthcare personnel in nursing homes, and those frequently in high-exposure environments.

Health Insurance Contributions

Všeobecná zdravotní pojišťovna (111) - up to 200 CZK

Vojenská zdravotní pojišťovna (201) - up to 700 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Česká průmyslová zdravotní pojišťovna (205) - up to 1,000 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Oborová Zdravotní pojišťovna (207) - up to 500 CZK

Zdravotní pojišťovna ministerstva vnitra ČR (211) - up to 2,000 CZK (annual contribution limit)

All insured individuals over 65, as well as those with certain chronic conditions, are eligible for free vaccination with Vaxigrip TETRA, Influvac, or Efluelda. Health professionals and other healthcare workers also qualify for free flu vaccination.

Chřipka

Papillomavirus

Cervarix / Gardasil 9

HPV, or human papillomavirus, is a widespread infection affecting 80% of women and 50% of men at some point in their lives. There are over 200 HPV types, 40 of which affect the genital area. Certain types can cause cervical cancer.

HPV can often present without symptoms (up to 80% of infected people). However, symptoms may include genital warts, as well as warts on hands or feet. Certain strains also lead to cancers beyond cervical cancer, such as anal, penile, or head and neck cancers.

Transmission occurs through sexual contact, including genital, oral, and hand contact with genital areas, as well as touching or rubbing. The infection source is an infected person.

Vaccination Schedule

For individuals aged 15 and older, three doses are required: the first dose on the chosen day, the second dose one month after the first, and the third dose six months after the second.

Revaccination

No revaccination schedule is currently established.

Who should be vaccinated?

Vaccination is recommended for both girls and boys, ideally before they become sexually active to prevent initial HPV exposure. However, vaccination can also be beneficial at a later age, though its effectiveness may decrease. Vaccination is also advisable for all men to reduce HPV-related diseases and prevent the virus’s spread. Additionally, it is recommended for gay men and those with weakened immune systems, such as HIV/AIDS patients.

Health Insurance Contributions

Všeobecná zdravotní pojišťovna (111) - up to 1,500 CZK for insured individuals under 18 years

Vojenská zdravotní pojišťovna (201) - up to 1,500 CZK

Česká průmyslová zdravotní pojišťovna (205) - up to 1,000 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Oborová Zdravotní pojišťovna (207) - up to 1,000 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Zdravotní pojišťovna ministerstva vnitra ČR (211) - up to 2,000 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Haemofilus

Hiberix / Abrysvo

Haemophilus infections are bacterial diseases primarily affecting young children, especially those under five years old. These infections are caused by several subtypes of the Haemophilus influenzae bacteria, with type B being the most severe. The bacteria are most prevalent in winter and fall. A concern for children is that many infected adults are carriers without showing symptoms, making them unknowingly contagious. Transmission is airborne.

The symptoms of Haemophilus infections vary but are often similar to respiratory illnesses, as the bacteria enter the body through the nasopharynx and spread to other organs. Common symptoms include a persistent cough and fever, as well as middle ear infections or sinus infections (especially in the facial sinuses).

More serious complications can arise with Haemophilus meningitis, which leads to meningitis (inflammation of the brain’s protective membranes) accompanied by high fevers, headaches, altered consciousness, and vomiting. Haemophilus meningitis can lead to permanent consequences.

Vaccination Schedule

One dose is administered on the chosen day.

Revaccination

No revaccination schedule is currently established.

Who should be vaccinated?

Infants, toddlers, and unvaccinated preschool-aged children are the most at risk. Additionally, adults with compromised immunity, impaired or absent spleen function, or those who have had their spleen removed are also vulnerable.

Health Insurance Contributions

Všeobecná zdravotní pojišťovna (111) - not covered by health insurance

Vojenská zdravotní pojišťovna (201) - up to 700 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Česká průmyslová zdravotní pojišťovna (205) - up to 1,000 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Oborová Zdravotní pojišťovna (207) - up to 1,000 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Zdravotní pojišťovna ministerstva vnitra ČR (211) - up to 2,000 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Haemofilius

RSV

Arexvy

The human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a significant cause of respiratory illnesses. It belongs to the genus Pneumovirus and the family Paramyxoviridae.

RSV spreads through the respiratory droplets from coughs or sneezes of infected people. These droplets contain RSV and can enter another person’s mouth or nose, causing infection. RSV can also be transmitted via surfaces, such as toys or doorknobs. People can become infected by touching these objects and then touching their mouth or nose. Children frequently spread RSV in schools and preschools, bringing it home to younger siblings, grandparents, or other family members with weakened immune systems, as the virus can be shed for several weeks after recovery.

The infection causes the mucous membranes to swell, secrete excessively, and undergo necrosis of the lining. This can obstruct the bronchi, leading to lung atelectasis (a collapse of lung tissue).

Symptoms of RSV infection resemble those of many other respiratory infections. Infants and young children may experience fever, reduced appetite, a runny nose, cough, and wheezing. Older children and adults may have a runny nose, cough, sore throat, fever, and general discomfort. RSV can also cause more severe infections, like pneumonia.

Vaccination Schedule

One dose is administered on the chosen day.

Revaccination

No revaccination schedule is currently established.

Who should be vaccinated?

RSV vaccination is recommended for a broad group of individuals, particularly those at risk of severe illness, such as seniors, chronically ill individuals, their family members, healthcare workers in nursing homes or long-term care facilities, and those frequently exposed to high-contact environments.

Health Insurance Contributions

Všeobecná zdravotní pojišťovna (111) - up to 2,000 CZK for insured individuals over 60 years of age

Vojenská zdravotní pojišťovna (201) - up to 700 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Česká průmyslová zdravotní pojišťovna (205) - up to 1,000 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Oborová Zdravotní pojišťovna (207) - up to 1,000 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Zdravotní pojišťovna ministerstva vnitra ČR (211) - up to 2,000 CZK (annual contribution limit)

RSV

Shingles

Shingrix

Herpes zoster, or shingles, is a contagious skin disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which remains dormant in the body after a person has had chickenpox.

For individuals over 50, there is a greater than 60% chance of developing shingles.

It manifests as a painful rash that typically appears on one side of the body (often on the face or torso), and may be accompanied by fever, headaches, chills, or nausea. Blisters form within 7–10 days and disappear within 2–4 weeks. The blisters burst early on, releasing infectious fluid to those who have not had chickenpox.

Some people may experience prolonged pain for months or even years, known as postherpetic neuralgia. Other complications include hearing nerve damage, corneal damage leading to blindness, or inflammation of the cerebellum, meninges, and brain. The risk of shingles increases with age.

Vaccination Schedule

The first dose is given on a selected day, followed by a second dose two months later.

Revaccination

No revaccination schedule has been established.

Who should be vaccinated?

The vaccine is recommended for people over 50 or individuals over 18 with weakened immune systems. It protects against shingles and is not a preventive measure against chickenpox (initial varicella-zoster infection).

Health Insurance Contributions

Všeobecná zdravotní pojišťovna (111) - up to 3,000 CZK

Vojenská zdravotní pojišťovna (201) - up to 700 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Česká průmyslová zdravotní pojišťovna (205) - up to 1,000 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Oborová Zdravotní pojišťovna (207) - up to 1,000 CZK (annual contribution limit)

Zdravotní pojišťovna ministerstva vnitra ČR (211) - up to 2,000 CZK (annual contribution limit)

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