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Acute illnesses are sudden health problems requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment to ensure the quickest possible recovery. These conditions are characterized by a rapid onset and often intense symptoms that can significantly impact the quality of life. Our clinic offers comprehensive care focused on effectively managing acute conditions so you can return to your daily activities as soon as possible.

Common Acute Illnesses (Click on each condition for more detailed information):

Please note: The information provided is for informational purposes only. Every patient and situation is unique, so we always recommend consulting a doctor.

Acute Respiratory Infections

Acute respiratory infections are among the most common reasons for visits to our clinic. Most of these infections are viral, meaning antibiotics are ineffective against them. For healthy individuals, most viral infections resolve on their own. Treatment focuses on symptom relief but does not affect the duration of the illness.

Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infections:

Sudden onset of symptoms: A rapid shift from feeling healthy to being ill.
Respiratory symptoms: Runny nose (watery or thick), nasal congestion, sneezing, itching in the nose and throat, sore throat (sometimes radiating to the ear), shortness of breath.
General symptoms: Fatigue, exhaustion, weakness, dizziness, fever or elevated temperature, chills, shivering, headache, body aches (muscles, joints, skin, hair).

If you experience these symptoms, it is advisable to begin home treatment targeting specific issues.

Recommended Home Remedies:

Fever:

Below 38°C: Avoid intervention as elevated temperature is part of the immune response.

Above 38°C: Take paracetamol (500 mg every 4–6 hours, maximum 3000 mg per day) or ibuprofen (400 mg up to 3 times daily). Cool compresses and increased fluid intake can help.

Sore Throat:

Combine non-medicated approaches (Priessnitz compresses, gargling with saltwater) with local therapies (Orofar spray 5 times daily, Octenidine Klosterfrau lozenges 6 times daily). For persistent pain, add ibuprofen or paracetamol.

Headache:

Use the same medication as for a sore throat. Additionally, rest in a quiet environment, lie down, drink plenty of fluids, and avoid screen time.

Runny or Congested Nose:

Blow your nose frequently. Use nasal sprays (Olynth, Otrivin) for relief—no longer than 7 days. Nasal irrigation with saline (Rhinohorn, Vincentka) is ideal.

Cough:

Dry Cough: Use Levopront 3 times daily, humidify the air, and avoid sudden temperature changes.

Wet Cough: Take Mucosolvan or Ambrobene for easier expectoration and increase fluid intake.

Immune Support:

Consider taking Preventan Akut, zinc, magnesium, and vitamin D.

Prevention:

From October to February, consider taking beta-glucans and vitamin D, especially if you experience frequent infections or are a parent of preschool-aged children. Good sleep, a balanced diet, and adequate hydration are also essential.

How Long Does a Viral Infection Last?

The typical course of an uncomplicated viral infection is 7–10 days. Symptoms usually worsen in the first three days and then gradually improve. In some cases, the total duration may be longer.

When to See a Doctor:

If you do not feel better after three days of home treatment or if your condition worsens.
If you have a persistent fever unresponsive to medication.
If you experience severe sore throat unresponsive to treatment.
If you have a fever accompanied by headache, light/sound sensitivity, nausea—this could indicate a nervous system infection.
If you have acute breathing difficulties or shortness of breath—immediately call 155 or visit the emergency room.
If you are a high-risk patient (over 65 years old, chronic heart or lung disease, cancer, immunosuppressive therapy).

Antibiotics and Responsible Treatment:

In our clinic, we emphasize a rational approach to antibiotics. We prescribe antibiotics only for clearly indicated bacterial infections and never without prior examination. Inappropriate antibiotic use contributes to antibiotic resistance.

To guide treatment decisions, a CRP (C-reactive protein) test can be helpful as it indicates inflammation in the body. CRP levels may also rise with viral infections, but interpretation is always done by a doctor.

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common issue caused by an overgrowth of bacteria in the urinary tract, usually originating from intestinal bacteria such as E. coli. The infection develops when bacteria overcome the defense mechanisms of the urethra and reach the bladder. Without treatment, the infection may spread to the kidneys.

Symptoms of a Urinary Tract Infection:

Frequent urge to urinate, accompanied by pain or burning, especially at the end of urination.
Lower abdominal pain and discomfort during urination.
Cloudy, foul-smelling, or discolored urine (pink or dark).
A feeling of chills without fever.
Sudden involuntary leakage of urine.
If the infection spreads to the kidneys, symptoms may include lower back pain, fever, chills, nausea, or vomiting.

Preventing Urinary Tract Infections:

Stay hydrated: Drink at least 3 liters of fluids daily, preferably still, unsweetened, non-alcoholic, and caffeine-free beverages.
Avoid exposure to cold: Dress warmly and protect yourself from getting chilled.
Wear quality underwear: Choose cotton underwear that wicks away moisture.
Practice proper hygiene: Use products designed for intimate hygiene that do not disrupt vaginal flora, and always wipe from front to back.
Urinate after sexual intercourse: This helps flush bacteria from the urinary tract.
Do not hold urine: Empty your bladder regularly.

If You Notice Early Symptoms, Start Home Treatment:

Increase fluid intake to at least 3 liters per day.
Use Blokurima Akut or another product containing D-mannose.
Take ibuprofen 400 mg three times daily (or another anti-inflammatory medication).
Supplement with cranberry products, but only as an addition, not the primary treatment.
Rest and avoid physical activity, keeping your body warm.

If symptoms improve within 48 hours, a doctor’s visit is usually not necessary. However, if symptoms persist or worsen (e.g., fever over 38°C, abdominal pain, blood in urine, or other severe signs), seek medical attention.

Contact a Doctor If:

Symptoms do not improve within 48 hours.
You experience fever over 38°C or chills.
You have abdominal or back pain.
You notice vomiting or blood in your urine.
You have difficulty urinating.
You have chronic illnesses or are on immunosuppressive therapy.
You are pregnant or male.
You are over 70 years old or unsure about your condition.

For a Doctor’s Visit, Bring a Fresh Urine Sample:

Ideally, collect a midstream sample: begin urinating into the toilet, collect the middle portion in a sterile container, and finish urinating into the toilet.

How to Collect Urine for Bacteriological Testing:

Shower thoroughly in the morning.
Collect a midstream sample in a sterile container (start urinating into the toilet, capture the middle portion in the container, and finish in the toilet).
Bring the container to your doctor, who will send it for bacteriological analysis. Results are typically available within three days and allow for targeted antibiotic therapy.

Acute Diarrhea and Vomiting

Acute diarrhea and vomiting are unpleasant and exhausting conditions that typically do not pose a significant health risk to adults and usually resolve within a week. They can have viral, bacterial, or other origins.

Types of Acute Diarrhea:

Acute Viral Diarrhea: The most common cause, triggered by viruses such as rotaviruses, noroviruses, influenza, COVID-19, or adenoviruses. Spread occurs via droplets or contaminated surfaces and is more prevalent in colder months. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, watery diarrhea, elevated temperature, chills, fatigue, and loss of appetite.
Acute Bacterial Diarrhea: Less common but more severe. Typically caused by consuming contaminated food or drinks, especially in summer. Common pathogens include Salmonella and Campylobacter. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain, fever above 38°C, and the presence of blood or mucus in stool. Vomiting is less typical.
Traveler’s Diarrhea: Caused by pathogenic strains of E. coli, common in people traveling to developing countries.
Other Causes: Include alcohol, artificial sweeteners, high-fat diets, or certain medications (antibiotics, chemotherapy).

Treatment:

The primary goals are rehydration and dietary adjustments. Preventing dehydration is critical, requiring the intake of 3–4 liters of fluids daily. Suitable options include black tea, still mineral water, or oral rehydration solutions. You can also make a homemade solution by mixing boiled water, orange or grapefruit juice, sugar, and salt.

Dietary Guidelines:

Avoid fatty, fried, spicy, and sugary foods.
Gradually transition to light foods, such as rice, white meat, cooked vegetables, ripe bananas, and peeled apples.
Avoid dairy products for the first few days.
After diarrhea subsides, continue with a light diet for about 10 days to prevent recurrence.

Over-the-Counter Remedies:

Activated Charcoal: Absorbs toxins and harmful substances. Take 2 tablets 4 times a day (up to 20 tablets per day in severe cases).
Smecta (Diosmectite): Helps absorb intestinal gases and toxins. Take 3–6 sachets daily.
After improvement, use probiotics (e.g., Enterol) to restore intestinal microbiota.

Recommendations:

Increase hygiene measures: disinfect surfaces, wash hands regularly, avoid sharing utensils, and sanitize the toilet frequently.
Sip fluids in small amounts if experiencing nausea or vomiting.

When to See a Doctor:

Diarrhea lasts longer than 3 days.
Fever exceeds 38°C, with chills or shivering.
Severe abdominal pain persists, especially if not relieved by bowel movements.
Stool contains blood, mucus, or pus.
Stool appears black.
Frequency of stools exceeds 10 times per day.
You cannot urinate or experience weight loss over 5%.
You have chronic illnesses or are on immunosuppressive medications (chemotherapy, corticosteroids).
You are over 70 years old.

If symptoms resolve within a few days and the diarrhea is not severe, medical evaluation is usually unnecessary.

Diet Example:

Fluids: Drink up to 3 liters daily. Avoid high-sugar drinks, strong coffee, undiluted fruit juices, or excessively hot/cold beverages. Suitable choices include black tea and mineral water.
Day 1: Ideally, eat nothing or consume only dry bread rolls, crackers, or plain biscuits.
Following Days: Start with low-fat rice broth, rice soup or porridge (without milk), blended steamed carrots, bananas, and applesauce.
Gradually Add: Clear chicken broth, mashed potatoes (without milk), boiled chicken, and steamed vegetables. If tolerated, introduce fermented dairy products to restore gut flora.

Continue with a light diet for several days after symptoms subside to prevent recurrence.

Pinworm Infection

Enterobiasis is a parasitic infection caused by the human pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis), making it one of the most common parasitic infections in humans. It affects people of all ages and socioeconomic groups but is most frequent in children aged 5–14 years, particularly those in group settings like schools and kindergartens. Globally, it impacts up to 30% of the pediatric population.

Although the infection is generally harmless, it can be uncomfortable and disruptive if not treated promptly.

Causes and Transmission:

Pinworms are transmitted through contact with contaminated items such as toys, clothing, bedding, or via food and water. Insufficient hygiene facilitates the transfer of parasite eggs from hands to the mouth or through inhalation, causing repeated infections.

Primary Mode of Spread:

Female pinworms lay eggs around the anus, causing itching.
Scratching can transfer the eggs under the fingernails, which may then contaminate surfaces or be ingested.
Infection does not occur from animals; humans are the sole hosts of pinworms.

The infection does not confer immunity, meaning reinfections are common, especially in environments with many children where maintaining perfect hygiene is challenging.

Symptoms:

The hallmark symptom is intense anal itching, particularly at night when female pinworms lay eggs. This itching can result in:

Restless sleep, frequent waking, and disrupted sleep cycles.
Daytime fatigue due to poor-quality rest.
Irritability, loss of appetite, or abdominal pain in children.

In rare cases, untreated infections can lead to complications such as anal inflammation or vaginal infections in girls if the eggs migrate to the genital area.

Diagnosis:

Diagnosis is typically based on characteristic symptoms, especially nocturnal itching. It can be confirmed by:

1. Observing pinworms around the anus—thin, white worms measuring 2–10 mm.

2. Microscopic examination of eggs via an anal swab or stool analysis.

Prevention:

The key to preventing enterobiasis lies in thorough hygiene practices:

1. Regular and careful handwashing—especially after using the toilet and before meals.

2. Maintaining a clean home environment—frequent washing of bedding, undergarments, and disinfecting surfaces.

3. Keeping nails short to prevent egg accumulation underneath.

4. Avoiding shared personal items (e.g., towels) within households.

In group settings, emphasize toy hygiene and inform parents about the risk of infections.

Treatment:

1. Antiparasitic medication (Vermox - mebendazole):

• Dose: 2 tablets taken with meals (the same for children and adults).

• Treatment should be repeated in 3–4 weeks to target any eggs that survived the initial dose.

2. Treatment of the entire household:

• Even if only one child has symptoms, all household members should be treated to prevent the spread.

3. Supportive hygiene measures:

• Daily morning washing of the anal area to remove eggs.

• Frequent changing of undergarments and bedding, washed at high temperatures (minimum 60°C).

• Regular cleaning and disinfecting of surfaces with a damp cloth.

4. Dietary Adjustments:

• Limit sugary and starchy foods that may promote parasite growth.

Strict adherence to these measures significantly reduces the risk of reinfection and spread.

Ticks

Ticks are among the most common vectors of infectious diseases in our region. They are most active from spring to autumn, making it crucial to be prepared for their potential presence. A tick bite can transmit serious diseases, such as tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme disease, both of which can have long-term health consequences. Proper prevention and prompt tick removal significantly reduce the risks.

What to Do if You Are Bitten by a Tick:

Record the Date of the Bite: This information is important for a medical history if complications arise.
Safe Removal: Prepare gloves, disinfectant (e.g., Betadine, hydrogen peroxide, or alcohol gel), tweezers, tick removers, or a special tick removal card. Put on gloves, disinfect the bite site, and gently move the tick side to side until it detaches. If necessary, use soft tweezers to lift it. Never twist the tick.
Dispose of the Tick: Wrap the tick in paper and burn it on a fireproof surface. Do not crush or squeeze it, as this could spread infection.
Monitor the Bite Site: Redness around the tick bite is normal. A spot under 5 cm may last a week and is not a sign of Lyme disease.

Tick-Prone Areas on the Body

After spending time in nature, carefully check your body, as ticks commonly attach to:

Behind the knees
Groin
Armpits
Behind the ears
Scalp (especially in children)

Removing a tick within the first 24 hours reduces the risk of transmitting some infections, such as Lyme disease.

Diseases Transmitted by Ticks

Tick-Borne Encephalitis

A viral disease that can cause inflammation of the brain and meninges.
The virus is transmitted within hours of the bite.
Symptoms include headaches, fever, and neurological problems.
Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is fully covered for people over 50 years old.

Lyme Disease

A bacterial infection usually transmitted after 24 hours of attachment.
The hallmark symptom is an expanding red rash (erythema migrans) with a pale center.
Lyme disease is successfully treatable with antibiotics, but prevention is essential as no vaccine exists.

Preventing Tick Bites

When spending time outdoors, follow these guidelines:

Use Repellents: Apply tick-specific repellents.
Wear Protective Clothing: Choose light-colored clothing with long sleeves and pants. Light colors make it easier to spot ticks.
Avoid High Grass: Ticks are commonly found in grass, herbaceous plants, and shrubs. Stay on paths.
Thorough Checks: Examine your body thoroughly after returning from nature, both in the evening and the next morning.

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical attention in the following cases:

A growing red spot larger than 5 cm with a pale center.
Fever, chills, muscle pain, or significant fatigue within three weeks of the bite.
Persistent headaches, light sensitivity, nausea, or vomiting.

Back Pain

Back pain can significantly limit daily activities, but in most cases, it can be managed with appropriate care. Below, you will find practical advice for managing back pain during different phases and an overview of situations where you should seek medical attention.

Phase 1: Acute Pain

Acute back pain typically lasts 3–5 days. The primary goal is to alleviate the pain and prevent it from worsening.

Lifestyle Adjustments

• Rest: Alternate between lying in a comfortable position (on your side or stomach) and slow walking.

• Avoid: Prolonged sitting, sudden movements (e.g., twisting, bending), and lifting heavy objects.

• Dry Heat: Apply heat to the back using a towel, heating pad, or specialized cushions. Avoid hot baths or showers.

Medications for Relief

Topical Gels: Apply gels like Voltaren, Olfen, or Ibalgin 2–4 times daily, following the package instructions.
Pain Relief Tablets: Take Paralen 1000 mg or Ibuprofen 400 mg as needed (up to 1 tablet three times daily).
Muscle Relaxants: Guajacuran can help relax tense muscles; take 1 tablet 1–3 times daily. Be cautious of drowsiness—limit driving and activities requiring concentration.

Always follow the instructions provided in the medication leaflet and adhere to the recommended dosages.

Phase 2: Restoring Mobility

Once the pain subsides, focus on gradually resuming normal activities.

Continue medication only if necessary and taper off gradually.
Begin with simple exercises to improve back mobility. Detailed instructions can be found on Fyzioklinika.cz.

Phase 3: Stabilization and Prevention

Prevent the recurrence of back pain through regular care:

Exercise Regularly: Engage in activities like Pilates, yoga, core strengthening exercises, walking, or swimming.
Maintain Proper Ergonomics: Pay attention to posture while sitting, working at a computer, lifting objects, or driving.
Stretch Frequently: Incorporate stretching exercises during prolonged sitting or work periods.

For more information on posture and ergonomics, explore:

Relieving Pain While Standing
Staying Active While Sitting
Simplifying Work at a Computer

When to See a Doctor

Back pain can sometimes indicate a more serious condition. Consult a doctor in the following cases:
Pain does not respond to over-the-counter painkillers or persists for more than a week.
The pain is severe, sudden, or accompanied by stiffness in the back.
Pain radiates to the lower limbs, especially below the knees.
There are sensory disturbances (e.g., tingling, numbness) in the buttocks, thighs, or genital area.
You experience problems with urination, bowel movements, or sexual function.
You feel instability while walking (e.g., leg buckling).
The pain disrupts sleep or is accompanied by fever, night sweats, unexplained weight loss, or osteoporosis.
You have chest pain, or the pain is located in the cervical or thoracic spine.
Your medical history includes cancer.
You have suffered a serious injury, such as a fall from a height or a car accident.

​Akutní onemocnění

Akutní onemocnění